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A Contemporary Reexamination of Polygamy in Religions, Cultures, and Metaphysics
By Dr. Pouyan Ghamari
In ancient times, human relationships were never just a matter of emotion.
They were tools of survival.
Societies needed to endure,
families needed to expand,
and social stability depended on male power, tribal structure, and reproduction.
It is from this necessity, not privilege, that some religions developed laws regarding polygamy.
Today, humanity has entered an era where we can decode these historical laws –
not to erase the past,
but to understand how, from that history,
new principles of evolution and human relationships emerge.
This article explores how the Quran, Torah, and Bible address polygamy,
and how these perspectives intersect with modern human understanding,
metaphysics, numerology, psychology,
and global philosophy –
ultimately pointing toward unity and focused connection.
The Quran: From Historical Necessity to Evolutionary Guidance
Key Verse on Polygamy
Surah An-Nisa, Verse 3:
"If you fear that you cannot act justly, then [marry] only one."
This verse communicates a clear message:
Polygamy is a conditional allowance,
not a universal principle,
not a moral ideal,
and certainly not an ultimate goal.
The essence of the verse is simple:
Complete justice among multiple spouses is impossible.
As also stated in Surah An-Nisa, Verse 129:
"You will never be able to be completely just."
This indicates that while polygamy was permitted in a specific historical context,
its deeper intention directs humanity toward monogamy,
because justice cannot be divided on the level of human energy, psyche, or heart.
The Torah: Polygamy Allowed but Increasingly Restricted
Polygamy existed in the Torah,
for example in Exodus and the Books of Kings.
However, in later Jewish law, particularly under Rabbi Gershom in the 10th century CE,
polygamy was prohibited throughout the Jewish world.
This change reflected a fundamental understanding:
Human evolution does not progress through multiple partners,
but through concentrated, committed relationships.
The Bible: Complete and Indivisible Union
Matthew 19:6 states:
"They are no longer two, but one flesh."
This perspective underpins Christian teachings:
True connection is complete –
one body,
one soul,
one path.
Polygamy is inherently incompatible with this understanding of existential unity.
India: Unified Life Force (Prana)
The Upanishads teach:
"The Self is completed in one mirror."
Prana, the life energy, flows fully in deep, focused relationships,
not in multiple relationships that divide the psyche and identity.
China & Taoism: Yin and Yang Are Two Poles
In Taoism, Yang cannot be fulfilled by multiple Yin.
Balance exists between two poles,
not many,
and energy cannot be split without loss.
Ancient Persia & Ferdowsi: Concentration of Power Defines Heroism
In the Shahnameh:
Zal has one love.
Rostam has one love.
A hero whose heart is divided among many will fail.
Ferdowsi teaches that love is the concentration of strength,
not a multiplication of options.
Shams Tabrizi: Humans Seek a Single Mirror
Shams says:
"It is through one mirror that a person truly sees themselves."
Multiple mirrors mean multiple faces,
multiple faces mean multiple identities,
and multiple identities lead to psychological fragmentation.
Metaphysics: The Law of Energy Focus
The law of energy states:
Where attention flows,
power accumulates.
Multiple relationships create multiple energy gaps,
each reducing the overall flow of power.
Humans are designed to focus in one direction,
not to fragment into many.
Numerology & the Law of Vibration
In numerology:
Two represents unity,
three represents chaos in relationships,
and four represents stable structure.
Monogamy aligns with the number two,
polygamy with three –
an inherently unstable vibration.
Modern Psychology: The Mind Requires a Single Center
Jung explains:
Identity becomes clear when the mind has a single center.
Multiple centers create multiple identities,
and a fragmented self cannot achieve true individuation.
Why Polygamy Existed Historically
Three main reasons:
-
Tribal economic systems
-
War and male population shortage
-
Male responsibility for security and survival
These conditions no longer exist today,
so what was once necessary is now historical.
Modern Understanding
Experience shows that humans flourish in deep, focused relationships,
not in fragmented ones.
Concentration of energy creates life,
division of energy leads to decay.
Conclusion
The Quran outwardly permits polygamy but inherently guides toward a single relationship.
The Torah acknowledged polygamy, but Judaism prohibited it.
The Bible considers it practically impossible.
India and China view it as contrary to natural energy flow.
Ancient Persia saw it as an obstacle to heroism.
Ferdowsi saw it as breaking focus of strength.
Shams considered it hindering spiritual growth.
Psychology sees it as obstructing identity.
Metaphysics sees it as an energy gap.
The unified message is clear:
Humans are made for unity,
not multiplicity.
For focus,
not dispersion.
To create one powerful light,
not many weak lights.